Syntactic Atlas of Dutch Dialects – Commentary – Volume II
Table of contents
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Verb positions in Standard Dutch
1.1.2 Two-verb clusters
1.1.3 Three-verb clusters
1.1.4 Three-verb clusters expressing irrealis
1.1.5 Historical development
1.2 Discussion of the literature
1.3 Discussion of the maps
1.3.1 Two-verb clusters
1.3.1.1 Auxiliary BEfinite – Vparticiple (map 14a)
1.3.1.2 Auxiliary HAVEfinite – Vparticiple I & II (maps 14b, 15a)
1.3.1.3 Modalfinite – Vinfinitive (map 15b)
1.3.1.4 Two-verb clusters – synthesis (map 16a)
1.3.2 Three-verb clusters
1.3.2.1 Modalfinite – Modalinfinitive – Vinfinitive (map 17a)
1.3.2.2 Modalfinite – HAVEinfinitive – Vparticiple (map 17b)
1.3.2.3 Auxiliary BEfinite – Aspectual/Modal – Vinfinitive
1.3.2.3.1 BEfinite – GOinfinitive/participle – Vinfinitive (map 18a)
1.3.2.3.2 Heen ‘away’, te ‘to’ and IPP (maps 18b, 19a)
1.3.2.3.3 Perfective auxiliary BE in three-verb clusters (map 19b)
1.3.2.3.4 HAVEfinite – Modalinfinitive/participle – Vinfinitive (map 20a)
1.3.2.4 Three-verb clusters – irrealis (map 20b)
1.3.3 Potential correlations
1.3.3.1 Two- and three-verb clusters – perfective I (map 21a)
1.3.3.2 Two- and three-verb clusters – perfective II (map 22a)
1.3.3.3 Two- and three-verb clusters – infinitive (map 23a)
1.3.3.4 Uniform order in three types of verb clusters (map 24a)
1.3.3.5 Systems of three-verb clusters (map 25a)
1.4 Literature on verb clusters
2 Verbal cluster: interruption and morphosyntax
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Interruption of the verbal cluster
2.1.1.1 Verb Projection Raising (VPR)
2.1.1.2 Particle Incorporation
2.1.1.3 Third Construction
2.1.1.4 Interruption by te
2.1.1.5 Noun Incorporation
2.1.1.6 Historical development
2.1.2 Morphosyntax and the verbal cluster
2.1.2.1 Infinitivus pro Participio
2.1.2.2 Participium pro Infinitivo
2.1.2.3 Imperativus pro Infinitivo and verbal hendiadys
2.2 Discussion of the literature
2.2.1 Overview of the literature on cluster interruption
2.2.1.1 Nominal, adverbial and prepositional material
2.2.1.2 Particles
2.2.1.3 Position of te
2.2.1.4 Noun Incorporation
2.2.2 Morphosyntax and the verbal cluster - overview of the literature
2.2.2.1 Infinitivus pro Participio
2.2.2.2 Participium pro Infinitivo
2.2.2.3 Imperativus pro Infinitivo and verbal hendiadys
2.3 Discussion of the maps
2.3.1 Verb Projection Raising
2.3.1.1 Interruption of the verbal cluster: bare noun (map 28a)
2.3.1.2 Interruption of the verbal cluster: adverbial (map 28b)
2.3.1.3 Interruption of the verbal cluster: plural noun (map 29a)
2.3.1.4 Interruption of the verbal cluster: indefinite object (map 29b)
2.3.1.5 Interruption of the verbal cluster: definite object (map 29c)
2.3.1.6 Interruption of the verbal cluster: prepositional phrase (map 30a)
2.3.1.7 Interruption of the verbal cluster - synthesis I (map 30b)
2.3.2 Interruption by particles
2.3.2.1 Interruption of the verbal cluster: adverbial particle (map 31a)
2.3.2.2 Interruption of the verbal cluster: adpositional particle (map 31b)
2.3.2.3 Interruption of the verbal cluster - synthesis II (map 32a)
2.3.3 Third Construction (map 32b)
2.3.4 Interruption by te 'to'
2.3.4.1 Presence of te 'to' in the verbal complex (map 33a)
2.3.4.2 Position of te 'to' in the verbal complex (map 33b)
2.3.5 Noun incorporation
2.3.5.1 Noun incorporation and verbal hendiadys (map 34a)
2.3.5.2 Incorporation of noun and adposition (map 34b)
2.3.6 Morphosyntax and the verbal cluster
2.3.6.1 Infinitivus pro Participio (IPP)
2.3.6.1.1 Infinitivus pro Participio in the verbal cluster (map 35a)
2.3.6.1.2 Infinitivus pro Participio without verbal cluster (map 35b)
2.3.6.1.3 IPP in verbal cluster with the verb proberen 'try' (map 36a)
2.3.6.2 Forms of the verbs - infinitival and past participle morphology
2.3.6.2.1 Form of the participle of the modal verb willen 'want' (map 36b)
2.3.6.2.2 Form of the participle of the modal verb kunnen 'can' (map 37a)
2.3.6.2.3 Correlation between IPP, the presence of the prefix ge- and word order (map 37b)
2.3.6.3 PPI & IPI
2.3.6.3.1 Participium pro Infinitivo (PPI) (map 38a)
2.3.6.3.2 Imperativus pro Infinitivo (IPI) (map 38b)
2.4 Literature on Verb-cluster interruption and verbal morphosyntax
3 Auxiliaries and verb positions
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Auxiliary types and forms
3.1.2 Perfective auxiliaries
3.1.2.1 Auxiliary selection
3.1.2.2 Auxiliary doubling
3.1.2.3 Perfective passive
3.1.3 Auxiliary doen ‘do’
3.1.3.1 Periphrastic do
3.1.3.2 Short do replies
3.1.4 Verb positions
3.1.4.1 Complex initials
3.1.4.2 Subject between verb and tense suffix
3.1.4.3 V2 in embedded clauses
3.1.5 Other variation
3.1.5.1 Infinitival absolute with construction
3.1.5.2 Gerund
3.2 Historical developments and discussion of the literature
3.2.1 Auxiliary selection
3.2.2 Auxiliary doubling
3.2.3 Perfective passive
3.2.4 Auxiliary do
3.2.5 Verb positions
3.2.5.1 Complex initials
3.2.5.2 Subject between verb and tense suffix
3.2.5.3 V2 in embedded clauses
3.2.6 Other variation
3.2.6.1 Infinitival absolute with construction
3.2.6.2 Gerund
3.3 Discussion of the maps
3.3.1 Perfective auxiliaries
3.3.1.1 Auxiliary selection (map 40a)
3.3.1.2 Auxiliary doubling (map 40b)
3.3.1.3 Perfective passive (map 41a)
3.3.2 Auxiliary do
3.3.2.1 Periphrastic do
3.3.2.1.1 Declarative clause (map 41b)
3.3.2.1.2 Interrogative clause (map 42a)
3.3.2.1.3 Imperative clause (map 42b)
3.3.2.1.4 Negative clause (map 43a)
3.3.2.1.5 Synthesis periphrastic do (map 43b)
3.3.2.1.6 Perfective periphrastic do (map 44a)
3.3.2.2 Short do replies
3.3.2.2.1 Denial of negative statement (map 44b)
3.3.2.2.2 Denial of positive statement (map 44c)
3.3.3 Verb positions
3.3.3.1 Complex initials (map 45a)
3.3.3.2 Subject between verb and tense suffix (map 45b)
3.3.3.3 V2 in embedded clause (map 46a)
3.3.4 Other variation
3.3.4.1 Infinitival absolute with construction (map 46b)
3.3.4.2 Gerund (map 46c)
3.4 Literature on auxiliaries and verb positions
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Types of negation
4.1.2 Sentential negation and negative polarity
4.1.3 Focus negation with a quantifier
4.1.4 Historical development
4.1.5 Variation in the form of quantifiers
4.2 Discussion of the literature
4.2.1 General considerations
4.2.2 Sentential negation and negative polarity
4.2.3 Focus negation with a quantifier
4.2.4 Variation in the form of quantifiers
4.3 Discussion of the maps
4.3.1 Sentential negation and negative polarity
4.3.1.1 Sentential negation with only en ‘negpart’ (map 48a)
4.3.1.2 Sentential negation with en ‘negpart’… niet ‘not’
4.3.1.2.1 en ‘negpart’… niet ‘not’ in declarative main clauses (map 48b)
4.3.1.2.2 en ‘negpart’… niet ‘not’ in imperative clauses (map 49a)
4.3.1.2.3 en ‘negpart’… niet ‘not’ in interrogative clauses (map 49b)
4.3.1.2.4 en ‘negpart’… niet ‘not’ in main clauses – overview (map 50a)
4.3.1.2.5 en ‘negpart’… niet ‘not’ in embedded clauses (map 50b)
4.3.1.3. Sentential negation with sentence final niet ‘not’ (map 51a)
4.3.1.4. Negative polarity with en ‘negpart’
4.3.1.4.1 en ‘negpart’… maar ‘but’ in declarative main clauses (map 51b)
4.3.1.4.2 en ‘negpart’in negatively polar embedded clauses (map 52a)
4.3.1.5 en ‘negpart’… (niet ‘not’) in main clauses, embedded clauses and short answers with doen – overview (map 52b)
4.3.2 Focus negation with a quantifier
4.3.2.1 niemand ‘nobody’, niets ‘nothing’ or nergens ‘nowhere’ and en ‘negpart’ (map 53a)
4.3.2.2 niemand ‘nobody’ and niet ‘not’ (map 53b)
4.3.2.3 niemand ‘nobody’ and niet ‘not’, word order variation (map 54a)
4.3.2.4 niemand ‘nobody’, niet ‘not’ and en ‘negpart’ (map 54b)
4.3.2.5 niets ‘nothing’ and niet ‘not’ (map 55a)
4.3.2.6 nergens ‘nowhere’ and niet ‘not’ (map 55b)
4.3.2.7 nooit ‘never’ and niet ‘not’ (map 56a)
4.3.2.8 niemand ‘nobody’, niets ‘nothing’, nergens ‘nowhere’ or nooit ‘never’ and niet ‘not’ – overview (map 56b)
4.3.2.9 geen enkele ‘not a single’ and niet ‘not’ (map 57a)
4.3.2.10 geen ‘no’ and niet meer ‘no more’ (map 57b)
4.3.2.11 niemand ‘nobody’ and geen ‘no’ (map 58a)
4.3.2.12 nergens ‘nowhere’ and geen ‘no’ (map 58b)
4.3.2.13 iemand ‘somebody’ orergens ‘somewhere’ and niet ‘not’ as well as ergens ‘somewhere’ and geen ‘no’ (map 59a)
4.3.2.14 niet veel ‘not much/many’ or niet goed ‘not good’ and geen ‘no’ within a noun phrase (map 59b)
4.3.2.15 iedereen ‘everybody’ or overal ‘everywhere’ and geen ‘no’ with negation having scope over iedereen ‘everybody’ or overal ‘everywhere’ (map 60a)
4.3.3. Quantifiers
4.3.3.1 Forms for iemand ‘somebody’ (map 61a)
4.3.3.2 Forms for niemand ‘nobody’ (map 61b)
4.3.3.3 Forms for iedereen ‘everybody’ (map 62)
4.3.3.4 Forms for iets ‘something’ (map 63a)
4.3.3.5 Forms for niets ‘nothing’ (map 63b)
4.3.3.6 Forms for nergens ‘nowhere’ (map 64a)
4.3.3.7 Forms for ooit ‘ever’ (map 64b)
4.4 Literature on Negation and quantification